Sabtu, 13 Oktober 2012

7. Studi Kasus ERD dan Normalisasi



Sebuah perusahaan mempunyai beberapa bagian. Masing-masing bagian mempunyai pengawas dan setidaknya satu pegawai. Pegawai ditugaskan paling tidak di satu bagian (dapat pula dibeberapa bagian). Paling tidak satu pegawai mendapat tugas di satu proyek. Tetapi seorang pegawai dapat libur dan tidak dapat tugas di proyek.

Menentukan entitas
Entitasnya : pengawas, bagian, pegawai, proyek
Menentukan relasi dengan matrik relasi





Menentukan Relasi

Gambar ERD sementara
Hubungkan entitas sesuai dengan matrik relasi yang dibuat


ERD Sementara

Mengisi kardinalitas
Dari gambaran permasalahan dapat diketahui bahwa:
  • masing-masing bagian hanya punya satu pengawas
  • seorang pengawas bertugas di satu bagian
  • masing-masing bagian ada minimal satu pegawai
  • masing-masing pegawai bekerja paling tidak di satu bagian
  • masing-masing proyek dikerjakan paling tidak oleh satu pegawai












Mengisi kardinalitas

Menentukan kunci utama
Kunci utamanya: Nomor Pengawas, Nama Bagian, Nomor Pegawai, Nomor Proyek














Menentukan Kunci Utama

Menggambar ERD berdasarkan kunci
Ada dua relasi many to many pada ERD sementara, yaitu antara bagian dengan pegawai, pegawai dengan proyek, oleh sebab itu kita buat entitas baru yaitu bagian -pegawai dan pegawai-proyek Kunci utama dari entitas baru adalah kunci utama dari entitas lain yang akan menjadi kunci tamu di entitas yang baru.














Menggambar ERD berdasarkan kunci

Menentukan atribut
Atribut yang diperlukan adalah: nama bagian, nama proyek, nama pegawai, nama pengawas, nomor proyek, nomor pegawai, nomor pengawas
Memetakan atribut
  • Bagian : Nama bagian
  • Proyek: Nama proyek
  • Pegawai:Nama pegawai
  • Pengawas: Nama pengawas
  • Proyek-Pegawai : Nomor proyek, Nomor pegawai
  • Pengawas: Nomor pengawas
Menggambar ERD dengan atribut














Menggambar ERD dengan atribut

Memeriksa Hasil
Periksa apakah masih terdapat redundasi. ERD akhir: untuk pemodelan data pada sistem.


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